| Region | Byzantine Empire • Norse-Scottish Empire • Caliphate of Cordoba • Anglo-Saxon England • Holy Roman Empire • Muslim Egypt |
| Power shift | Byzantine growth • Norse-Scottish emergence • Caliphate revival • Anglo-Saxon independence • Holy Roman fragmentation |
| Cultural movements | Byzantine expansionism • Norse-Scottish unification • Cordoban science and learning • Anglo-Saxon continuity • Holy Roman diversity |
| Military conflicts | Viking Crusades against Egypt |
