Basilicata is an autonomous country located along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Home to an ancient civilization bearing the same name, the country has a rich history and culture that set it apart from its neighbors. Basilicata has long been known for its beautiful natural scenery, enterprising people, rich cuisine, and distinctive style of architecture.
Basilicata's history is intertwined with that of the ancient Etruscan civilization. Settled by Etruscan migrants around the 10th century BC, the Basilicatans inherited Etruscan art, religion, and cultural practices. Through the centuries, they forged a unique identity and maintained a high degree of self-rule, despite being part of various empires.
Today, Basilicata is a democratic republic, with a parliamentary system of governance. The unicameral National Assembly is the country's supreme legislative body. The President, elected by the National Assembly, serves as both head of state and head of government.
The people of Basilicata speak a language known as Basilicatanese, with strong influences from Etruscan. It has its own written script, which largely uses Latin characters. In terms of religion, most of the population follow an indigenous polytheistic faith, also derived from the ancient Etruscans.
Basilicatan cuisine is renowned for its flavors, variety, and richness. A typical meal often includes fresh seafood, vegetables, legumes, herbs, and seasoning from home gardens. Dishes such as lasagna agnolotti; gnocchi ; and malloreddus, along with wines like Aglianico del Vulture, are famous domestic exports.
Basilicatan architecture has its distinctive elements, such as medieval castles, towers, and churches reflecting a blend of influences. The architectural heritage in swabian, baroque, and neoclassical styles are common in the capital Matera.
Basilicata is known for its unique funerary and burial rituals. The V-shaped tombs, carved into the cliffs, are a signature of the ancient Etruscans and common throughout the country. These tombs, steeped in rituals and artifacts, contain the remains of the dead and offer a glimpse into the ancient burial practices.
The Basilicatan people have a long history of storytelling, puppetry, music, and dance. The country's major exports include the famed Puppet Theatre and the classic Bas-relief sculptures, found in cities like Tursi, Fontanarosa, and Sasso, which showcase intricate carvings. Basilicatan folk music, performed with traditional instruments like the Bagpipe, Drum, and Tambourine, plays an essential role in religious and cultural ceremonies.
The backbone of Basilicata's economy is agriculture, which represents approximately 43% of the country's gross domestic product. Key agricultural products include grains, grapes, olives, and tomatoes. Mining and manufacturing are fast-growing industries in Basilicata, with mining focusing on iron, coal, and metals, while the manufacturing sector specializes in textiles and agro-processing.
Logistically, Basilicata has a relatively weak infrastructure that hampers the development of certain industrial sectors. The country has no direct access to the railroad, though the government has made efforts in recent years to improve the infrastructure.
Basilicata's natural environment is diverse and largely untouched, boasting rich ecosystems supporting various species of plants and animals. The country's warm Mediterranean climate and vast coastline make it host to several bird species, marine life, and lush vegetation.
Running from the north to the south, the Appenine mountain range has landscapes ranging from coastal plains, rocky watersides, and beautiful countryside. Basilicata's vistas have earned it the reputation of a picturesque destination, drawing thousands of visitors each year.
Despite the country's size, Basilicata has long played a more significant role than its size would suggest. As a gateway to the Mediterranean Sea, the country is strategically important for regional security. Basilicata is active in promoting peace, stability, and sustainable economic growth in the broader region and has strong diplomatic relations with its neighbors.
