| Origin | Alternate universe |
| Subject type | Socio-political concept |
| Unique features | Artificial walls • Independent societies • Adaptation to limited resources |
| Cultural aspects | Unique identities • Shared sense of belonging • Indigenous traditions and practices |
| Related concepts | Urbanization • Isolationism • Resource management |
| Impacts on society | Inspired innovation • Fostered intercity commerce • Reshaped historical trajectories |
| Governance structures | Autonomous city-states • Centralized governing bodies |
