| Origin | Late Middle Ages |
| Spread | Around the world |
| Challenges | Information Empires • Cybernetic models of control |
| Characteristics | Written Constitution • Popular sovereignty • Citizen participation • Protection of individual rights |
| Region of Origin | |
| Government Styles | Presidential • Parliamentary • Semi-presidential • Council-based (e.g., Iroquois Confederacy) |
| Form of Government | Constitutional Democracy |
