| Purpose | Fortification against European colonial powers |
| Location | Manchuria • Yellow River • Eastern coast of China |
| Material | Advanced materials and technology |
| Current status | Historical monument and testament to Western-Chinese relations |
| Integrates with | Coastal fortifications • Naval bases |
| Conflict ignited | Second Opium War |
| Construction date | 19th century |
| Construction period | Qing Dynasty |
| Impact on Qing Dynasty | Downfall in early 20th century |
