| Benefits | High-grade minerals • Rare resources • Novel techniques |
| Social impacts | Local employment • Global collaboration • Environmental consequences |
| Forms of mining | Seafloor mining • Asteroid mining • Biotech-based extraction methods |
| Economic factors | Investment costs • Production scaling • Market development |
| Key technologies | Underwater robots • Spacecraft equipment • Biomimetic engineering |
| Unique challenges | Deep-sea pressure • Space radiation • Complex biosystems |
| Political considerations | International agreements • Regulation compliance • Geopolitical relations |
