| Period | Late 17th century to present |
| Ideologies | Liberalism • Conservatism • Socialism • Nationalism • Communism |
| Innovations | Printing press • Telegraph • Telephone • Radio • Television • Computer |
| Notable figures | Isaac Newton • Voltaire • Adam Smith • Karl Marx • Abraham Lincoln • Albert Einstein |
| Significant events | Industrial Revolution • Enlightenment • World Wars • Cold War • Information Age |
| Democratic movements | American Revolution • French Revolution • Russian Revolution |
