| Origin | Early 20th century Netherlands |
| Spread to | Other European countries • Scandinavia • Low Countries |
| Influenced | Political systems |
| Emphasis on | Local governance • Worker self-management • Public ownership of key industries • Welfare programs |
| Influenced by | Excesses of industrialization • Colonialism |
| Tensions with | National governments |
| Decline due to | Globalization trends |
