| Era | |
| Type | Organization |
| Purpose | Public good |
| Resources | Volunteer labor • Donations • Grants |
| Challenges | Limited resources • Dependency on donations • Political or ideological constraints |
| Key features | Volunteer labor • Non-distribution constraint • Donation-based funding |
| Typical causes | Human tendency for altruism • Religious values • Community engagement |
| Characteristics | No personal profit distribution • Independent governance • Tax-exempt status |
| Place of origin |
