| Genres | |
| Themes | Social issues • politics • identity • culture • storytelling |
| Emerged in | 1970s |
| Instruments | Vocals • drum machine • sampler • turntables |
| Subcultures | |
| Pioneered by | Working-class Turkish immigrant youth |
| Characteristics | Rhythmic speech • rhyme • percussive delivery |
| Place of origin | Berlin, Germany |
