| Era | Early 18th century |
| Type | Global competition |
| Purpose | Developing better batteries |
| Objective | Powering electric vehicles and public utilities |
| Motivation | Cleaner transportation alternatives |
| Participants | Rival European empires • Competing colonies |
| Long-term effects | Accelerated urban development • Intensified global competition |
| Examples of impact | Rise of electric trains • Development of trolleys • Implementation of street lights |
| Industries impacted | Electric transportation • Public utilities • Urban infrastructure |
| Impact on technology | Improvements in battery chemistry • Advances in electrochemistry • Innovations in engineering techniques |
