| Type | Self-contained urban unit |
| Aims to | Preserve natural habitats • limit urban sprawl |
| Addresses | Overpopulation and resource shortages |
| Connected by | High-speed transit systems |
| Integrated systems | Power • water • waste • agriculture |
| Construction approach | Building upwards |
| Key materials and technologies | Advanced materials • innovative construction technology |
| Countries with vertical city complexes | Japan • China • India |
