| Type | Computational system |
| Origin | 1950s |
| Purpose | Language translation • Decryption |
| Evolution | Personal digital assistants |
| New field | AI with empathetic capabilities |
| Replacement | AI |
| Applications | Aiding covert communications • Monitoring enemy communications • Cyberwarfare |
| Development period | Cold War |
| Significant advantages of AI over expert systems | Processing speed • Flexibility |
