| Cause | |
| Replaced | Multinational empires |
| Influenced by | |
| Characteristics | Profit-driven • Geopolitical • Laissez-Faire attitude • Minimal bureaucracy |
| Formation basis | Economics |
| Development period | Early to mid-1800s |
| Type of government | Nation-state |
| Significant difference | Language independent • Culture neutral • Pragmatic governance |
