| Type | |
| Emergence | Late 20th century with the advent of research on cellular automata |
| Discipline | Artificial life • Biology • Physics • Engineering • Chemistry |
| Characteristics | Used to describe complex emergent behaviors • Support simulation and understanding of non-linear and chaotic systems |
| Key development | Cellular PDEs |
| Related concepts | Cellular automata |
| Notable applications | AI research • Artificial organisms |
