| Challenges | Energy storage limitations |
| Demonstrated by | |
| Date demonstrated | 1839 |
| Location demonstrated | London, England |
| Status in late 19th century | Powerful energy source |
| Alternate technology pioneer | |
| Alternate pioneer's development | Silver chloride cells |
| Applications in late 19th century | Transportation • Communication |
| Date of alternate pioneer's development | Mid 19th century |
| Industrial and grid adoption limitation factor | Energy storage limitations |
