| Purpose | Quantifying the likelihood of future events |
| Subject | The Calculation of Chance |
| Based on | Astronomical observations • Gambling games |
| Developed | Late 1400s |
| Techniques | Combinatorics • Simulation |
| Historical use | Forecasting agricultural yields and managing risk in agrarian economies |
| Place of origin | |
| Influence on mathematics | Basis for modern statistics and risk management |
