Sextants

In navigation, a sextant is a precision instrument used to measure the angle between any two visible objects. It is typically used to measure the angular altitude above the horizon of the Sun, the moon, one of many stars, or a planet, in order to determine the observer's latitude on the Earth. This navigation technique was an important part of oceanic discovery until the 18th century, when the chronometer and accurate timekeeping made it possible to determine longitude at sea using a sextant and a marine chronometer.

Origin of sextants

In this alternate timeline, the sextant was invented by Chinese inventors and navigators, who had a long history of maritime exploration. They took their designs eastward, incorporating advanced optics and materials into their sextants. This version of the sextant spread widely, especially among seafaring empires that valued accurate navigation for long-distance exploration and trade.

Design and use

The modern sextant is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument that measures the angle between two objects. Its design is characterized by a half-circle arc, marked off on both sides in degrees, ranging from 0° to 120° positively and negatively. The navigation sextant has a telescopic sight or a monocular with a cross-hair. The reflecting mirrors permit the user to measure angles between objects, which can include sunlight or moonlight and the horizon, as well as other celestial bodies.

Development and international use

The sextant spread throughout the seafaring empires of the Asia-Pacific region, including China, Japan, and Indonesia. By the 16th century, advanced sextants made with precision engineering and precise optics allowed for very accurate astronomy measurements. This led to the creation of highly detailed star charts, which aided in celestial navigation, oceanic exploration, and maritime trade.

Importance and impact

The development and use of sextants was essential for the growth of maritime and oceanic exploration, as it allowed sailors to accurately navigate using the celestial bodies and the horizon. This facilitated safe and efficient long-distance sea travel, aiding in the expansion and connections of maritime nations and empires. Sextants made maritime trade routes more reliable and accurate, leading to the flourishing of global economies.

In addition to its impact on navigation, the sextant was also a key tool for astronomical observations. In this alternate timeline, the development of the sextant led to important advances in astronomy, such as the creation of more comprehensive star charts and advancement in understanding celestial bodies and their movements.

<thumbnail captions left> The sextant can be used to measure the angle between the sun or stars and the horizon, helping to determine latitude. **